He left Dublin in 1904 with Nora Barnacle, a chambermaid who he married in 1931. Not long after her death, Joyce was traveling again. He spent a year in France, returning when a telegram arrived saying his mother was dying. At this time he also began writing lyric poems.Īfter graduation in 1902 the twenty-year-old Joyce went to Paris, where he worked as a journalist, teacher and in other occupations under difficult financial conditions. It appeared in the Fortnightly Review in 1900. Joyce's first publication was an essay on Ibsen's play When We Dead Awaken. In 1898 he entered the University College, Dublin. In spite of their poverty, the family struggled to maintain a solid middle-class facade.įrom the age of six Joyce, was educated by Jesuits at Clongowes Wood College, at Clane, and then at Belvedere College in Dublin (1893-97). Joyce's mother, Mary Jane Murray, was an accomplished pianist, whose life was dominated by the Roman Catholic Church. His father was John Stanislaus Joyce, an impoverished gentleman, who had failed in a distillery business and tried all kinds of other professions, including politics and tax collecting. James Joyce was born in Dublin, on February 2, 1882, the eldest of ten surviving siblings, two other died of typhoid. Joyce's technical innovations in the art of the novel include an extensive use of interior monologue he used a complex network of symbolic parallels drawn from the mythology, history, and literature, and created a unique language of invented words, puns, and allusions. James Joyce, Irish novelist, noted for his experimental use of language in such works as Ulysses (1922) and Finnegans Wake (1939).
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